Tech’s Offshore Hiring Has Gone Into Overdrive

IN THE PAST year, Sebastián, a developer based in Ecuador, has received more LinkedIn messages from recruiters trying to poach him than ever before. One particular message caught his eye: It was from a Miami-based delivery startup. Sebastián, who asked that his last name not be used to avoid jeopardizing his current employment, was excited by the potential growth opportunity.

“I would like to know how companies in the United States work, how things are done there,” he says. Many other experienced developers outside the US have found themselves in increasingly high demand from American tech companies as the rise of remote work and a US talent shortage have spurred searches for more globalized teams.

A 2022 report from tech services company Commit estimated that offshoring software development roles would increase by 70 percent over the next year. Some companies, like Coinbase and Shopify, have already hired aggressively outside the US to fill open technical roles. “Software developers are shaping up to be the first global role,” says Alex Bouaziz, the CEO of Deel, a startup that provides payroll and remote hiring services. His company saw a 50 percent increase in its US-based clients hiring abroad in 2022.

In the past, companies accessed a wider pool of talent by strategically building offices in secondary markets. “It was mostly like we have an HQ1, then we pick one market and we build HQ2,” says Dylan Serota, cofounder of Terminal, a company that connects developers in Latin America, Spain, and Poland with startups in places like the US and UK. Terminal provides the infrastructure to offer benefits and pay local taxes, something many smaller companies don’t have the resources to put in place. The rise of remote has encouraged companies to rethink their approach to talent in ways they would not have considered doing before, says Serota.

To help facilitate this process, companies like Terminal and Telescoped vet developers and startups and then provide benefits like health insurance, pay local taxes on behalf of the developers, and ensure the developers receive perks like paid time off and equity. “About 80 percent of the developers we work with have equity in the startups they work with,” says Serota.

Many new hires are coming from countries like the Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, and India. While tech companies have long sought out those markets to cheaply staff call centers, content moderator positions, and IT departments, they are now following talent to fill open roles on any of their teams. “We used to think of this as a cost arbitrage story—you hire in Mexico or India because it’s cheaper,” says Jimit Arora, a partner at the research firm Everest Group. “Now I see this as a talent arbitrage story. You go where the talent is.”

Latin American talent, in particular, has attracted attention from companies based in the US. The region shares time zones with the US, and seeking out talent in cities like Mexico City or Bogota allows startups to “avoid competing for talent in places like San Francisco,” says Bouaziz. It’s also significantly cheaper: The average monthly salary for a software engineer in Mexico is $3,165, according to Coders Link, a platform that connects Latin American talent with US-based tech companies. That’s about one-fifth the salary of a software engineer in San Francisco. The war in Ukraine, which was a major hub for IT outsourcing, has also accelerated this trend, according to Serota. As workers were forced to flee their homes or fight the Russian invasion, foreign companies have sought new places to offshore their work, and Serota says the demand has shifted rapidly to Latin America, as well as some other markets in Eastern Europe.

For developers in Latin America, however, many of these jobs don’t come with the support and stability they’re accustomed to from a salaried position. Sebastián, the developer in Ecuador, said he chose not to take the offer from the Miami-based startup because he would have been an independent contractor, without the benefits offered to full-time employees.

“If I could work for a company from the United States that offered me something more stable, I definitely would like to,” he says. More traditional outsourcing companies and local organizations offer benefits like insurance, even if the pay is lower, he says.

But in Argentina, where inflation is expected to reach a whopping 90.2 percent, Mariano, a developer who works for a large outsourcing company that contracts with Venmo, says more and more developers he knows have been willing to gamble on independent contractor agreements with US startups in the hopes of making more money, particularly in US dollars.

“Three years ago, people would have chosen a more stable job with a local company or the government,” he says. “But now they’re willing to take the risk.” Mariano, who asked that his last name not be used because he is not allowed to speak to the press, says his company and others have introduced paid time off in an effort to hang onto talent that might otherwise leave for higher-paying work.

But not every developer in Latin America is seeing equal demand from foreign startups—the developers WIRED spoke with noted that English fluency is key to accessing many of these jobs. “If a startup is hiring someone directly, like it was for me, they definitely will need the developer to speak English really well. And definitely it’s part of the limitations here in Latin America,” says Mariano Álvarez, a Costa Rica-based developer. “For us, Costa Rica has a history of tourism, so there are many people who speak English well here.”

Álvarez, who works with Telescoped now, was previously one of its vetted developers, working with foreign startups. He says he received benefits and a better salary while working for a US tech company, which made him feel like he was “treated as a full citizen engineer in the company.”

And despite the fact that companies are approaching the possible recession with caution, there continues to be strong demand for tech talent. One reason is that there’s still an imbalance between supply and demand for technical roles. “The demand for tech talent has gone up, not just in the tech industry, but across the board,” says Jimit Arora, a partner at the research firm Everest Group. Banks, insurance providers, and health care companies have ramped up their digital presence, creating a need to hire more technical talent. Those industries—along with a number of smaller startups—are now competing with established tech companies for software engineers. “What we’re moving toward is a global talent supply chain,” says Arora. “I don’t see us reversing course on that anytime soon.”

Arielle Pardes was formerly a senior writer at WIRED, where she worked on stories about our relationship to our technology. Previously she was a senior editor for VICE.

Vittoria Elliott is a reporter for WIRED, covering platforms and power. She was previously a reporter at Rest of World, where she covered disinformation and labor in markets outside the US and Western Europe. She has worked with The New Humanitarian, Al Jazeera, and ProPublica.